Its effects have been described as comparable with ethanol (alcohol) and MDMA use, such as euphoria, disinhibition, enhanced libido and empathogenic states. GHB is a central nervous system depressant used as an intoxicant. Recreational use ĭelphic analysis of harm assessment for 20 popular recreational drugs (conducted by David Nutt and his colleagues at University of Bristol in 2007) ranks (in decreasing order of harmfulness) GHB 15th in dependence, 19th in physical harm, and 14th in social harm. Its favorable safety profile relative to ethanol may explain why GHB continues to be investigated as a candidate for alcohol substitution. The FDA approved labeling for sodium oxybate suggests no evidence GHB has teratogenic, carcinogenic or hepatotoxic properties. GHB has been shown to reliably increase slow-wave sleep and decrease the tendency for REM sleep in modified multiple sleep latency tests. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cataplexy associated with narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy. GHB is the active ingredient of the prescription medication sodium oxybate (Xyrem). It is sometimes used off-label for the treatment of fibromyalgia. The authors of a 2010 Cochrane review concluded that "GHB appears better than NTX and Disulfiram in maintaining abstinence and preventing craving in the medium term (3 to 12 months)".
GHB is used for medical purposes in the treatment of narcolepsy and, more rarely, alcohol dependence, although there remains uncertainty about its efficacy relative to other pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood. GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and is found in small quantities in some beers and wines, beef, and small citrus fruits. It is commonly used in the form of a salt, such as sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB, sodium oxybate, or Xyrem) or potassium γ-hydroxybutyrate (KGHB, potassium oxybate). Claude Rifat, a French biologist, proposed that GHB would be a natural physiological anti-depressant, but his proposition was refused. It is also used illegally as an intoxicant, as an athletic-performance enhancer, as a date-rape drug, and as a recreational drug. GHB has been used in the medical setting as a general anesthetic and as treatment for cataplexy, narcolepsy, and alcoholism.
It acts on the GHB receptor and is a weak agonist at the GABA B receptor. It is a precursor to GABA, glutamate, and glycine in certain brain areas.
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (or γ-hydroxybutyric acid ( GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug.
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